isiXhosa is a member of the "Nguni" language group, and is most closely related to isiZulu, isiNdebele and SiSwati.. isiXhosa (Xhosa) language family tree. They refer to themselves as the amaXhosa and their language as Xhosa. The term is a compound adapted from the words khoekhoe ‘person’ and saan ‘bush dweller’ in Nama, one of the Khoisan languages, and scholars have applied the words—either separately or conjoined—to refer to economic, social, physical, and linguistic features of certain aboriginal groups of … 4 Before monosyllabic stems in some words. The Xhosa language (Isixhosa), of which there are variations, is part of the Nguni language group. That is, da may be pronounced [dʱa̤] (or, equivalently, [d̥a̤]). The Xhosa are the second largest cultural group in South Africa, after the Zulu-speaking nation. Xhosa Language. Xhosa is an agglutinative language that expresses grammatical functions by adding prefixes and suffixes to roots. Xhosa. Language family that includes Xhosa and Zulu crossword clue appeared first on Daily Crossword Solver. 3 • LANGUAGE. Learn only what you need. 15% of its vocabulary is estimated to be of Khoekhoe (Khoisan) origin. The various parts of the sentence must agree in both class and number.[12]. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, clicks are represented by placing the assigned symbol for the place of click articulation to the left of a symbol for a nonclick sound at the same place of articulation. Hlubi is the dialect in the former Ciskei; there is the more distinct Hlubi language further north, where Xhosa meets SeSotho. If you have any other question or need extra help, please feel free to contact us or … l(. It has perhaps the heaviest functional load of click consonants in a Bantu language (approximately tied with Yeyi), with one count finding that 10% of basic vocabulary items contained a click.[10]. In keeping with many other Southern Bantu languages, Xhosa is an agglutinative language, with an array of prefixes and suffixes that are attached to root words. The language is also studied as a subject. [14] There is a small but significant Xhosa community of about 200,000 in Zimbabwe. Xhosa nouns belong to 17 different classes, roughly based on semantic categories, e.g., there are classes for human beings, animals, plants, objects of various shapes, etc. The language of instruction at universities in South Africa is English or Afrikaans, and Xhosa is taught as a subject, both for native and for non-native speakers. isandla/izandla (hand/hands). As of 2003[update] approximately 5.3 million Xhosa-speakers, the majority, live in the Eastern Cape, followed by the Western Cape (approximately 2 million), Gauteng (671,045), the Free State (246,192), KwaZulu-Natal (219,826), North West (214,461), Mpumalanga (46,553), the Northern Cape (51,228), and Limpopo (14,225). The /i/ vowel will be long in the penultimate syllable and short in the last syllable.[17]. The more notable characteristic is their depressor effect on the tone of the syllable.[21]. The Xhosa nation is made up of tribes and clans. [12] It is the second most common Bantu home language in South Africa as a whole. Xhosa is part of the branch of Nguni languages known as Zunda languages, which also include Zulu, Southern Ndebele and Northern Ndebele. Vowels can be either short or long. Xhosa, Zulu, Ndelebele and Swati share most of their basic vocabulary as well as grammar. The rest of the elements are placed to the left or to the right of the verb root. Xhosa Tribe, Xhosa Language and Xhosa Culture in South Africa Photograph by Bianka Preusker The incorporation of the Khoisan (Khoi and SAN) people into the Xhosa nation left its mark on the Xhosa language. Because of its many "click" sounds the Xhosa language, or isiXhosa as they call it themselves, is different from most other African languages. In Clem et al. Xhosa has the following clicks consonants which can be modified in a variety of ways, such as aspirated, breathy-voiced or nasalized. Xhosa is spoken as a first language by approximately 8.2 million people and by another 11 million as a second language in South Africa, mostly in … Some support the use of English and see its use in education as de facto segregation. Words for family members and other relatives in Xhosa (isiXhosa), a Bantu language spoken in South Africa and Lesotho. Here are a few of these words. 3 The placeholder N in the prefixes iN- and iiN- for m, n or no letter at all. The Xhosa language is properly referred to as isiXhosa. Thus, the word for ‘people’ is abantu in all these languages. It is one of the eleven official languages of the Republic of South Africa. 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