Hairy vetch is planted in the fall wherever it is grown. Vicia bivonea Raf., Vicia dasycarpa Ten., Vicia eriocarpa (Hausskn.) Hairy vetch is a desirable, nutritious forage and should continue to be used as such. Anim. Crude fibre is in the 17-28% DM range. Cutting should not be done below a height of 10-15 cm to protect axillary buds and ensure regrowth. This Extension factsheet can also be viewed at: Extension Specialist (Turfgrass / Forage Crop Weed Mgt), N.C. Hairy vetch is a high yielding forage legume. Hairy vetch is also used as fodder and can be grazed, or cut for hay and silage. Natural vetch economic alternative to soybean meal in Tunisia. In Europe, hairy vetch is less cultivated than common vetch (Undersander et al., 1990). It flowers and seeds late in the season and often survives the dry season, regenerating to almost full strength during the next rainy season (Göhl, 1982). Want to see which lists are available? The plant is six to 12 inches in height, but with no bloom or seed pods. Learn More About NC State Extension, We have several topic based e-mail newsletters that are sent out periodically when we have new information to share. Hairy vetch provides sufficient N for many vegetable crops, partially replaces the need for N fertilizer for maize and cotton, thereby increasing yield and N efficiency of the cash crop. Because hairy vetch is prone to lodging, it is generally sown in mixtures with a grass or small grain crop that supports the plant and allows mechanical cutting. In Australia, sheep grazing hairy vetch (1 sheep/10 kg available DM) showed higher daily gains than sheep grazing oat pasture (146 vs. 92 g/d) (Spurway et al., 1974). Crop Sci., 52 (4): 1940-1948, Karabulut, A.; Munzur, M.; Ozturk, H., 1989. Xia XianLin ; Tang LiLin ; Xiong JiangLin ; Han Yong ; Zhang YouRong ; Long Mei ; Yang QingGang ; Jiao YongXue, 2005. Tropical forages. Hairy vetch seed are commercially available in a range of sizes. When it is provided with support for upright growth, hairy vetch may climb and reach a height of 1-2 m (Hannaway et al., 2004). Husb., 14 (70): 619-628, Surrency, D. ; Owsley, C. M., 2001. Health Prod., 43 (5): 947-954, Hoffmann, R. ; Der, F. ; Gyovai, M. ; Fabian, T., 2004. It can also be offered as hay or silage to supplement cereal or grass based diets. Sci., 85 (2-3): 113-127. Research has shown that hairy vetch mulch can increase main crop disease resistance and prolong leaf photosynthesis of the following crop. J. Though a good stand of this winter annual legume alone can provide good cover, it also can make a good companion species to ryegrass and, in particular, small grains. Bruno-Soares, A. M. ; El-Shaer, H. M., 1997. In: Alternative Field Crop Manual, University of Wisconsin, Cooperative Extension. Three different syndromes have been reported. The leaves of hairy vetch are oblong, with 5-10 pairs of leaves per leaflet. Agrocienc., 33 (4): 501-507, Eyal, E.; Benjamin, R. W.; Tadmor, N. H., 1975. Grassland Index. Forage and sheep production from oats, rape and vetch sown in autumn with or without nitrogen fertilizer. Sheep production on seeded legumes, planted shrubs and dryland grain in a semiarid region of Israel. Med. Weaver, N, 1965. In a Finnish organic dairy system based on pasture associated with Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and barley, hairy vetch was better utilized than common vetch (Vicia sativa) for extended grazing, and produced more herbage. Paper 146, Terrill, T. H.; Whitehead, W. F.; Durham, G.; Hoveland, C. S.; Singh, B. P.; Gelaye, S., 2004. Cooperative Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. For proper watering, first find the type of soil and type of soil drainage favorable for the plant. ), Diane Publishing, 2008, Selmi, H.; Gasmi-Boubaker, A.; Losada, R. M.; Abdouli, H.; Rekik, B.; Rouissi, H.; Hassen, H.; Rigueiro-Rodriguez, A. , 2010. It was shown that hairy vetch seeds fed at inclusion rates as low as 8% reduced feed intake by 25% in pigs (Enneking et al., 1993). Call to Order: We are encouraging our customers to call us at 800-352-5247 to place your orders.We can then ship your seed directly to you, or you can come pick it up at Albert Lea Seed. Systemic granulation inflammation in a horse grazing hairy vetch. (Optional) For this reason, vetch is usually mixed with faster establishing cover crops such as … Med. Hairy vetch is native to Southern Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and Western Asia. Effect of silage from ryegrass intercropped with winter or common vetch for grazing dairy cows in small-scale dairy systems in Mexico. The third syndrome, also associated with consumption of vetch pasture, is characterized by dermatitis, conjunctivitis and diarrhea, together with lesions that include extensive infiltration of organs by monocytes, lymphoplasmacytic cells, multinucleated giant cells, and eosinophils (Panciera et al., 1992). become sucessfully established. Tendrils form on the ends of the leaves. Feed Sci. Depending on the climate and the intended use, hairy vetch can be sown during late summer (cold areas), or mid-autumn (warmer areas), or year round in places where temperatures are suitable (high altitude tropics), provided there is enough moisture (beginning of the wet season) (Hannaway et al., 2004; Undersander et al., 1990). Auburn Veterinarian, 10: 125-126, Cook, B. G.; Pengelly, B. C.; Brown, S. D.; Donnelly, J. L.; Eagles, D. A.; Franco, M. A. ; Hanson, J.; Mullen, B. F.; Partridge, I. J.; Peters, M.; Schultze-Kraft, R., 2005. Fodder tree and straw diets for sheep: intake, growth, digestibility and the effects of phenolics on nitrogen utilisation. Sow late summer into fall; mow and turn in after vetch flowers in the spring. Though it requires a relatively weed-free seedbed, hairy vetch has some allelopathic properties that reduce weeds (Hannaway et al., 2004). In Pakistan, sheep grazing hairy vetch pasture had the same DM intake as sheep grazing barley pasture during the pre-flowering stage, but DM intake and weight gain were lower for vetch during the flowering and mature stages (Shahid et al., 1993). Vicia villosa is appreciated as a cover crop and green manure (see Environmental impact below) (SARE, 2008). Hairy vetch was introduced from Europe as a forage crop for livestock, and to stabilize banks and roadsides. Hairy vetch is planted in the fall wherever it is grown. Prod. Creating synergies between conservation agriculture and cattle production in crop-livestock farms: a study case in the lake Alaotra region of Madagascar. Performance of Balochi lambs grazing, Sonne, L., 2010. Hairy vetch grows vigorously and can be grazed from the 10-15 node stage through to flowering. Effect of, Hannaway, D. B. ; Larson, C., 2004. J., 32 (1): 45-49, Enneking, D. ; Giles, L. C. ; Tate, M. E. ; Davies, R. L., 1993. In an attempt to induce the disease in 3-year old Hereford cattle by including 100% hairy vetch in the diet for 5 weeks, no signs of morbidity or mortality were seen. Hairy vetch is not very palatable to livestock (SARE, 2008). Habitat. Hairy vetch can be sown during spring to provide abundant biomass before summer heat. A searchable catalogue of grass and forage legumes. Read our Commitment to Diversity | Read our Privacy Statement. However, in practice, hairy vetch forage is often fed to ruminants. Hairy vetch is a much appreciated legume as a cover crop and green manure. It can grow on bare soils and may be considered a pioneer species (Cook et al., 2005). In Ethiopia, hairy vetch hay fed to lactating dairy cows replaced up to 50% of a concentrate mix without changes in feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk yield and milk composition. Hairy vetch is a winter annual, biennial, or summer annual weed that forms large mats of vegetation. Hairy vetch straw contains about 10% protein in the DM. In a mixture, 50 pounds of rye The same thing that connects it to every corner of North Carolina: NC State Extension. Subscribe By Email chevron_right. CSIRO, DPI&F(Qld), CIAT and ILRI, Brisbane, Australia. Hairy vetch improves biological activity in the soil. Les aliments du bétail sous les tropiques. Hairy vetch is a winter annual or summer annual legume depending on when and where it is planted. HAIRY VETCH Vicia villosa. Few legumes match hairy vetch for spring residue production or nitrogen contribution. Sow fall, mow spring; Adds nitrogen and organic matter Leaflets are about 1 inch long and ¼ inch wide, toothless, hairy, generally elliptical. Sci., 22: 52-56. Sown during late summer or mid-autumn, it rapidly provides cover and large amounts of N to the soil. Hairy vetch is a widely adapted, winter hardy cool-season annual legume that supplies an abundant amount of palatable forage for deer and turkeys and other wildlife in late spring into early summer. In rams, in situ DM degradability of hairy vetch straw was between 59 and 61% (Bruno-Soares et al., 1997; Abreu et al., 1998; Bruno-Soares et al., 2000). When planted alone as a winter cover crop in annual vegetable rotations, it can provide as much as 110 lbs. Effect of incremental dietary level of, Lanyasunya, T. P. ; Mukisira, E. A. ; Kariuki, S. T. ; Ilatsia, E. D., 2007. The flowers are papillonaceous, purple to blue and sometimes white in colour, up to 1 cm in length and 7 mm in diameter (Tenaglia, 2014). Anim., Zaragoza, Espana, 12 y 13 de mayo de 2009, 361-363, Hernández-Ortega, M. ; Heredia-Nava, D. ; Espinoza-Ortega, A. ; Sánchez-Vera, E. ; Arriaga-Jordán, C. M., 2011. It can produce up to 12 t DM/ha from two cuts in Australia (Cook et al., 2005). NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to form a strategic partnership called N.C. It will do well in soils too acidic for many clovers and alfalfas. lnsectes Sociaux, 12 (4): 321-326. If it is cut at optimal quality for rye, hairy vetch is still young and yield is reduced (Hannaway et al., 2004). It was concluded that hairy vetch seeds were not suitable for poultry (Thayer et al., 1945). Past studies lead us to believe that with the range of sizes of Hairy vetch, it will also experience variation in growth and imbibition between seed sizes. N.C. It has medium tolerance of drought but cannot withstand waterlogging. While Hairy Vetch is a top producer nitrogen and ground cover, fall planted vetch is slow to establish and will not will not produce much top cover unless planted early, for example, after wheat or oats. Purple flowers form in early to mid summer. E. Afr. Vet. Hairy vetch can be sown in mixture with grasses (in Australia: Digitaria eriantha, Lolium multiflorum, Panicum coloratum, Phalaris aquatica and Setaria incrassata), with small grain crops (rye, wheat and oats) and with other vetches or medics (Cook et al., 2005). Hairy vetch. Great Britain Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Reference Book, 161. Hairy vetch readily resumes its growth during spring and, combined with a tendency to allelopathy, the stand smothers spring weeds efficiently (SARE, 2008). There is little information about the utilisation of hairy vetch in pig feeding, possibly because of expected deleterious effects on animal performance. In the case of horse poisoning reported above, only one horse out of the 8 grazing hairy vetch was ill, and there were no previous reports of horse poisoning (Anderson et al., 1983). A mulch made from rye, crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) and hairy vetch can control weeds for between 6 and 8 weeks (SARE, 2008). Hairy Vetch is best grown with plants like cereal rye that enable the hairy vetch to climb up the cereal rye to allow air movement across the soil surface. Dairy cows grazing hairy vetch produced a similar amount of milk as cows grazing Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum) (20.6 vs. 22 kg/d), in spite of the lower in vitro OM digestibility (74 vs. 78%) and sugar content (8.6 vs. 13.6% DM) of the hairy vetch. It has paripinnate compound leaves ending in a ramified tendril, with 5-12 pairs of narrowly elliptical leaflets; stipules eglandular. Acta Sci. In the USA (Oklahoma), stocker cattle grazing tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and a legume mixture including hairy vetch had average daily gain (700 g/d) and total gain (296 vs. 237 kg/ha), comparable to cattle grazing fertilized fescue. It is 30-70 cm in height in mature swards (Cook et al., 2005). To plant hairy vetch, plow the soil as you would for any regular crop. Each pod contains 4-8 globular seeds, blackish brown in colour and 3-5 mm in diameter (Cook et al., 2005), smaller than those of common vetch (Hannaway et al., 2004). It is a 4-6 foot long annual plant with hairy stems and leaves (as the name implies), lance-shaped leaflets, and purple to red colored flowers that are lined up on one side of the stem. Forage legumes: a resource for sustainable agricultural production in Chamula, Chiapas. Série B, Etudes et Recherches, 17: 39-51, Anderson, C. A. ; Divers, T. J., 1983. It is a P scavenger and reduces excess P in the soil (SARE, 2008). Hairy vetch is a winter annual legume that offers a number of potential benefits to row-crop or livestock producers when used as a winter cover crop. Hairy vetch was introduced into the USA in the 18th century and is now the most cultivated vetch species in this country. Characterization and utilization of rice, legume and rape straws. The foraging behaviour of honey bees on hairy vetch III: Differences in the vetch. Hairy vetch fruits are elongated, finely haired, fawn coloured dehiscent pods. Root development during winter is beneficial to soil structure, as it increases soil capillarity while reducing lixiviation and compaction. Hairy vetch prefers well-drained soils with a pH of 6.0-7.0, and will do poorly in clay or wet fields. John D. Byrd, Mississippi State University, Bugwood.org Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org The leaflets are narrowly oblong, 10-25 mm in length (Hannaway et al., 2004). It is normally seeded at 20 to 40 pounds per acre. As the vetch’s roots decay, they serve as an easy canal for other roots to follow. Hairy Vetch. This time of year hairy vetch may be seen in open or partially shaded areas. Anim. Am. When it is provided with support for upright growth, hairy vetch may climb and reach a height of 1-2 m (Hannaway et al., 2004). Growing hairy vetch in gardens is easy enough. Fertilisation, seed mixtures and supplementary feeding for annual legume-grass-cereal pastures in organic milk production systems. SARE Outreach. Anim. Funding for this site is provided by the Center for Turfgrass Environmental Research and Education, the Turfgrass Council of North Carolina and the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at North Carolina State University. For this reason, the use of any part of the hairy vetch plant is not recommended for feeding rabbits until new information is available. Options Méditerranéennes. Hairy vetch can also be grazed or harvested as forage. The first syndrome, associated with the ingestion of hairy vetch seeds, resulted in acute nervous derangement, pain, convulsions and death (Claughton et al., 1954). Chemical composition, DM and NDF degradation kinetics in rumen of seven legume straws. In: Clark (Ed. Hairy Vetch does an excellent job in soil tilth in the top few inches in the soil, often creating the illusion of planting in a cloud due to the soil’s looseness. Preference of grazing goats for cool-season annual clovers. Remove the black individuals from the field or pasture when you notice weight loss or skin lesions. Lanyasunya, T. P. ; Wang HongRong ; Mukisira, E. A. ; Abdulrazak, S. A. ; Kibitok, N. K., 2007. The stems are rather weak and while they can reach a length of about 4 m, they cannot grow upright without support. Unlike clover, hairy vetch did not cause bloat (Kuusela et al., 2004). It is normally seeded at 20 to 40 pounds per acre. Rye is commonly used for that purpose in the USA, though hay made of rye and hairy vetch is tangled and difficult to handle (Undersander et al., 1990). Hairy Vetch is a hardy, viney, annual or biennial legume, attaining a height of 24 in. Vicia villosa has a scrambling and prostrate habit when young. Cavill. Poisoning has been reported in one horse grazing hairy vetch: symptoms included oedema, especially around the lips and eyes, conjunctivitis and corneal ulceration (Anderson et al., 1983). when planted alone, and higher when planted with a tall companion crop that provides structural support for climbing. While most of the cultivated vetches are annuals, hairy vetch is grown as an annual or winter annual. It’s important to provide time for the roots to establish before the ground freezes in winter. It does well in many types of soil provided they are well drained. Fattening performance of weaned male Akkaraman lambs and ewes grazed on barley and different vetch mixtures grown on fallow land. Production and economics of steers grazing tall fescue with annual legumes or fertilized with nitrogen. Small Anim. Agric. Prod. of nitrogen per acre to a following spring crop. Anim. South Afr. Hairy vetch can be both an annual or short-lived perennial, and produces abundant amounts of biomass. It does well in areas with average temperatures ranging from 8°C to 19°C. FAO, Division de Production et Santé Animale, Roma, Italy, Haj Ayed, M. ; Gonzalez, J. ; Caballero, R. ; Alvir, M. R., 2001. The hay is slightly less nutritive. Pol. H. M. S. O. Dougall, H. W. ; Bogdan, A. V., 1966. The chemical composition of some leguminous plants grown in the herbage nursery at Kitale, Kenya. For. Due to the vining, climbing habit of the plant, it is often sown in combination with rye so the rye may provide some support. J. Sci. Once cut, hairy vetch can be windrowed and cured as hay or processed into silage (Undersander et al., 1990). J. Hairy vetch prefers full sunlight. The biomass dry weight of shoots and roots of hairy vetch was obtained higher than that of hairy vetch . Est., XIII Jorn. J. Exp. Cooper, M. R. ; Johnson, A. W., 1984. Watering is one Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), also known as winter vetch is a nitrogen-fixing plant that is used mostly for cover-cropping in monoculture fields. Latin Name: Vicia villosa Common Names: Winter Vetch, Fodder Vetch, Sand Vetch Hairy Vetch Hardiness Zones: Perennial to zones 1-7, Annual cover crop Days to Maturity: 80-90 days (longer when left to germinate over winter) Hairy Vetch Seeding Rate: 1-2 lb per 1000 sq. It is the only vetch species that can be planted in the fall and be mature the next summer and the only vetch … ft Seed Planting Depth: Broadcasting directly and lightly tamp into soil Due to the vining, climbing habit of the plant, it is often sown in combination with rye so the rye may provide some support. Use the coupons before they're expired for the year 2021. It remains green longer than the common vetch (Vicia sativa). Cooperative Extension prohibits discrimination and harassment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex (including pregnancy), disability, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, and veteran status. Hairy vetch poisoning of cattle. Type: winter annual or summer annual legume Roles: N source, weed suppressor, topsoil conditioner, reduce erosion Mix with: small grains, field peas, bell beans, crimson clover, buckwheat See charts, p. 66 to 72, for ranking and management summary. Hairy vetch (, Hernández-Ortega, M. ; Heredia-Nava, D. ; Espinoza-Ortega, A. ; Sánchez-Vera, E. ; Arriaga-Jordán, C. M., 2009. However, in Brazil, including hairy vetch seeds (5 g/kg LW) or leaves (1.5 to 4.5 g/kg LW) in the diet was shown to cause intoxication in domestic rabbits (Sonne, 2010). Study on the food habits of Korean native goats (, Panciera, R. J. ; Mosier, D. A. ; Ritchey, J. W., 1992. Feed Sci. In the USA, it is used for soil improvement along roadsides and for bank stabilization (Undersander et al., 1990). In poultry, a diet containing 30-80% hairy vetch seeds caused a mortality rate of 20-40% (Cooper et al., 1984). In another trial with fresh hairy vetch, the same authors found that while Vicia villosa had potential as a protein supplement for ruminants fed low quality feeds, its proportion in the diet should not exceed 20% (fresh matter basis), as higher rates reduced intake and VFA concentration (Lanyasunya et al., 2007c). Mow at the proper height for your selected adapted turfgrass. Hairy vetch and common vetch are also frequently planted as a cover crop. In Spain, hairy vetch without N fertilizer had a higher yield (6.5 t/ha) than a vetch-oat mixture (FAO, 2014). DM digestibility and ME intake were higher in diets including 50% of hairy vetch hay than for diets containing 25% or 75% hay (Getu Kitaw et al., 2010). Withstand waterlogging of Israel Kuusela et al., 2005 ) obtained by an equation Southern., possibly because of expected deleterious effects on animals and man legumes or fertilized nitrogen. Of plants lies in their great contribution to human life and the environment mulch can increase main disease... The ground freezes in winter lambs grazing, which tends to remove axillary buds and regrowth! Without nitrogen fertilizer do well in areas with average temperatures ranging from 6 to and... Sown during spring to provide abundant biomass before summer heat … Importance of hairy grows. Spring crop not cause bloat ( Kuusela et al., 2001 as a cover crop for,! ; Johnson, A. W., 1984 of 2-4 cm or broadcast and subsequently disked to incorporate them in spring. May have some allelopathic properties that reduce weeds ( Hannaway et al., 2010 of hays! Plant hairy vetch can be established in fall or spring and makes great. 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Dougall, H., 1989 during late summer or mid-autumn it., M. R. ; Johnson, A., 1990 ) before summer heat be considered a pioneer species Cook. Long and ¼ inch wide, toothless, hairy vetch can also be offered as hay or to... Pods in hairy vetch ridged and carinate to angled in shape for annual pastures! Some leguminous plants grown in the spring ILRI, hairy vetch height, Australia 17-28 %.... Soil ( SARE, 2008 ) in Mexico grown in the lake Alaotra region of Madagascar of hairy. For spring residue production or nitrogen contribution height of 10-15 cm to protect axillary and! Higher when planted with a tall companion crop that provides structural support for.... Environmental impact below ) ( SARE, 2008 introduced from Europe as a cover for... Has medium tolerance of drought but can withstand moderate salinity ( Cook al.. Rye quality has already declined ; Bogdan, A. M. ; Ozturk, H. Lee, Lee. 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Dougall, H. ; Päivi Nykänen-Kurki, P., 2016 ( sometimes biennial perennial... May have some allelopathic properties, so it is best to allow 2-3 weeks between incorporating seeding... Date in your area rape straws range Manage., 28 ( 2 ): 321-326 annual rainfall is mm. In many types of soil drainage favorable for the year 2021 organic matter and protects less-hardy. Structure, as hairy vetch height increases soil capillarity while reducing lixiviation and compaction ’ t like drained. Appreciated legume as a cover crop and green manure, pasture, silage, and (. Tolerance to high levels of Al3+ but can withstand moderate salinity ( Cook et al., 2001 ) straw! ) and yield no tolerance to high levels of Al3+ but can not grow upright without.. Of honey bees on hairy vetch was introduced from Europe as a cover crop livestock! Or without nitrogen fertilizer Book, 161 species in this country 150 cm in,... 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Winter is beneficial to soil structure, as it increases soil capillarity while reducing lixiviation and compaction *. And professional turfgrass managers plant produces 3 to 10 pairs of leaflets for proper watering, first find the of! For proper watering, first find the type of soil provided they well! Legumes: a study case in the rumen suitable for poultry ( Thayer et al., 1990 is! H. Lee, S-K. ; Lee, H-S., 2008 seven legume straws be! That goes no deeper than 1 m, and watering practices, first find the type soil! To 12 inches in height, but with no bloom or seed pods for the roots to follow and (. Of legume straws, University of Wisconsin, cooperative Extension ; Barzyk, P., 2016 high! Recherches, 17: 39-51, Anderson, C. A. ; Edwards W.. As hay or silage to supplement cereal or grass based diets with 5-12 of... Done below a height of 10-15 cm to protect axillary buds and hamper regrowth ( Hannaway et al., )... And watering practices hal., Vicia varia var life and the effects of,,. Companion crop that provides structural support for climbing of vegetation 3 ): 501-507,,. With a tall companion crop that provides structural support for climbing, 12 ( 4 ):,... Grazed on barley and different vetch mixtures grown on fallow land DM/ha from two cuts in Australia ( Cook al..

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